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Cellular Differentiation

Meaning

The complex biological process by which a less specialized cell, such as a stem cell, becomes a more specialized cell type with distinct morphology, function, and gene expression profile, like a muscle cell, neuron, or endocrine gland cell. This fundamental process is essential for embryonic development, tissue repair, and the maintenance of all physiological systems throughout life. Hormonal signaling plays a crucial, directive role in regulating the timing and trajectory of this specialization.