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Catabolic State

Meaning

A catabolic state is a physiological condition characterized by the breakdown of complex molecules, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, into simpler units to release energy. This process is the destructive, or degradative, phase of metabolism, standing in opposition to the constructive anabolic state. Hormones like cortisol and glucagon predominantly drive this state, which is a necessary response during periods of fasting, severe stress, or intense, prolonged physical exertion. A sustained or chronic catabolic state is clinically detrimental, leading to muscle wasting, impaired immune function, and overall tissue degradation, compromising long-term health.