What is the Origin of Catabolic Physiology?

The term derives from the Greek katabolē, meaning "a throwing down," and the Greek physiologia, meaning "natural knowledge," referring to the study of vital functions. It is one of the two main branches of metabolism, the other being anabolism. Clinically, understanding catabolism’s role became crucial in contexts like starvation, critical illness, and chronic overtraining where tissue wasting is a primary concern.

What is the Mechanism of Catabolic Physiology?

The mechanism is primarily mediated by stress hormones, particularly cortisol, which stimulates the conversion of protein into glucose (gluconeogenesis) in the liver to maintain blood sugar levels. During intense or prolonged physical exertion, catabolism is activated to supply immediate fuel. An excessive or sustained catabolic state, however, overwhelms anabolic processes, resulting in a net loss of lean body mass and potential immune system compromise.

Catabolic Physiology ∞ Area

Catabolic Physiology

Meaning

Catabolic physiology describes the metabolic state characterized by the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often leading to the degradation of tissues like muscle protein or fat stores to liberate energy. This process is a normal, necessary component of metabolism, but when dominant or prolonged, it signals a state of physiological stress or energy deficit. Hormones such as cortisol and glucagon are primary drivers of this breakdown cascade.