Question 1

What is the Meaning of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac cachexia represents a severe and unintentional loss of body mass, specifically skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, observed in individuals with advanced chronic heart failure.

Question 2

What is the Context of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

This systemic wasting syndrome arises within the complex physiological landscape of progressive cardiac dysfunction, where the failing heart's inability to maintain adequate circulation triggers a cascade of neurohormonal activation and inflammatory responses throughout the body.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing cardiac cachexia is clinically vital as it signals a critical stage of disease progression, directly correlating with diminished functional capacity, increased hospitalizations, and a significantly higher mortality rate in patients with heart failure.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

The underlying mechanism involves a chronic state of catabolism driven by elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, alongside an imbalance of anabolic and catabolic hormones, including increased cortisol and reduced insulin-like growth factor 1, leading to accelerated protein degradation and impaired protein synthesis.

Question 5

What is the Application of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

In clinical practice, cardiac cachexia manifests as progressive weight loss despite often preserved caloric intake, prompting careful nutritional assessment and targeted interventions, which may include optimizing heart failure medical therapy, nutritional counseling, and structured exercise programs to mitigate muscle wasting.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

Assessment of cardiac cachexia typically involves monitoring unintentional weight loss over a defined period, calculating body mass index, and evaluating lean body mass using methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; additionally, tracking inflammatory biomarkers like C-reactive protein can provide supportive evidence of systemic inflammation.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Cardiac Cachexia?

Accepted Answer

Failure to address cardiac cachexia significantly heightens patient vulnerability to infections, exacerbates sarcopenia and frailty, and contributes to a cycle of functional decline, ultimately increasing the burden of disease and diminishing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for underlying heart failure.

Cardiac Cachexia

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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