Question 1

What is the Meaning of Capacitation?

Accepted Answer

Capacitation is the essential physiological maturation process that mammalian spermatozoa must undergo within the female reproductive tract before they can successfully fertilize an oocyte. This biochemical conditioning prepares the sperm for the subsequent acrosome reaction and the acquisition of hyperactivated motility. It represents the final step in sperm maturation, conferring functional competence necessary for natural conception.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Capacitation?

Accepted Answer

The concept emerged from early reproductive biology experiments that observed a time delay between sperm deposition and their ability to fertilize an egg in vitro, indicating a necessary period of conditioning. The term itself is derived from the Latin capacitas, meaning capacity or ability, reflecting the sperm's acquisition of full functional potential.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Capacitation?

Accepted Answer

The process involves molecular changes to the sperm plasma membrane, including the efflux of cholesterol and the modification of surface glycoproteins, which increase membrane fluidity and permeability to calcium ions. The influx of calcium triggers the hyperactivated, whip-like flagellar movement, providing the necessary force for traversing the cumulus oophorus and the zona pellucida of the egg. This sequence of membrane and motility changes is crucial for successful fertilization.

Capacitation

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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