What is the Origin of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein?

The discovery of CREB emerged from biochemical research focused on understanding how cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a ubiquitous second messenger, mediates its effects within the cell. Researchers identified a specific DNA sequence, the cAMP response element (CRE), to which a protein, later named CREB, binds to initiate gene transcription. This discovery illuminated a fundamental pathway in signal transduction, linking extracellular signals to long-term cellular changes.

What is the Mechanism of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein?

CREB is activated through phosphorylation, a process typically catalyzed by protein kinase A (PKA), which itself is activated by elevated intracellular cAMP levels. Once phosphorylated, the active CREB dimerizes and binds to the CRE sequence in the promoter regions of target genes. This binding initiates the transcription of genes responsible for diverse cellular functions, including the synthesis of certain neuropeptides, enzymes, and structural proteins necessary for adaptation and survival.

cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Meaning

cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein, commonly abbreviated as CREB, is a crucial cellular transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in essential physiological processes. It is a protein that plays a pivotal role in neuronal plasticity, memory formation, and the cellular response to various external stimuli, including hormones and neurotransmitters. CREB activation represents a convergence point for several intracellular signaling cascades.