What is the Origin of cAMP?

The molecule's discovery in the late 1950s by Earl Sutherland, who was studying the mechanism of adrenaline action, fundamentally changed the understanding of hormone action, leading to the concept of second messengers. The name is an abbreviation of its chemical structure, cyclic adenosine monophosphate. This discovery provided the molecular basis for how non-steroid hormones exert their effects without entering the cell nucleus.

What is the Mechanism of cAMP?

Upon binding of a hormone, such as Luteinizing Hormone (LH) or Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), to its G protein-coupled receptor on the cell surface, the enzyme adenylyl cyclase is activated. Adenylyl cyclase then catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cAMP. Elevated intracellular cAMP levels subsequently activate protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates specific target proteins, initiating a cascade of biochemical events that ultimately mediate the cell's response, such as steroid hormone synthesis or glycogen breakdown.

cAMP

Meaning

cAMP, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate, is a vital second messenger molecule derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that plays a central role in signal transduction pathways across numerous endocrine systems. It acts as an intracellular relay, transmitting signals from cell surface receptors activated by various hormones, neurotransmitters, and other external stimuli. The concentration of this molecule is tightly regulated within the cell, making it a critical hub for physiological control.

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