What is the Origin of CAG Trinucleotide Repeat?

The concept originates from the field of molecular genetics and human disease research, particularly the discovery of dynamic mutations responsible for several inherited neurological conditions. The identification of this specific repeating codon (CAG) as the cause of Huntington's disease was a landmark finding in genetic medicine. The term describes the fundamental molecular structure—three nucleotides repeated—that underlies the genetic instability.

What is the Mechanism of CAG Trinucleotide Repeat?

In normal physiology, the CAG repeat length is maintained within a standard range. Pathological expansion occurs when the number of repeats increases above a stable limit during DNA replication, a phenomenon known as anticipation. The resulting messenger RNA is translated into a protein containing an abnormally long stretch of glutamine residues. This altered protein structure often leads to misfolding, aggregation, and toxicity, particularly in neurons, which can indirectly disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and subsequent endocrine function, illustrating a crucial link between genetics and systemic health.

CAG Trinucleotide Repeat

Meaning

A CAG trinucleotide repeat is a specific, recurring sequence of three DNA base pairs—cytosine, adenine, and guanine—that is repeated multiple times within a gene. This genetic sequence codes for the amino acid glutamine. When the number of these repeats exceeds a certain threshold, it can lead to a pathogenic expansion, resulting in an abnormally long polyglutamine tract in the corresponding protein. This expansion is associated with a class of neurodegenerative disorders, often impacting hormonal and metabolic regulation due to neurological dysfunction.

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CAG Trinucleotide Repeat

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

Can Lifestyle Interventions Modulate Genetically Determined Androgen Receptor Sensitivity?

What Are the Clinical Implications of Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms for Men’s Health?

How Do Genetic Factors Influence Hair Loss Risk with Testosterone Therapy?

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