What is the Origin of C-Peptide Replacement?

The term C-peptide originates from its role as the connecting peptide that links the A and B chains of proinsulin, the precursor molecule to mature insulin. During the processing of proinsulin into insulin, the C-peptide is cleaved and released in equimolar amounts. The concept of "replacement" stems from the observation that C-peptide levels are negligible in Type 1 diabetes patients, prompting investigation into its intrinsic biological function.

What is the Mechanism of C-Peptide Replacement?

C-peptide replacement is hypothesized to exert its mechanism of action by binding to specific receptors on cell surfaces, particularly in endothelial cells and neurons, activating signaling pathways such as the G-protein coupled receptor system. This activation leads to increased activity of various cellular pumps and enzymes, resulting in improved blood flow in the microvasculature and enhanced nerve function. Crucially, C-peptide may counteract the negative effects of high glucose on vascular tissue, offering a protective effect against long-term diabetic complications.

C-Peptide Replacement ∞ Area

C-Peptide Replacement

Meaning

C-Peptide Replacement refers to the therapeutic administration of C-peptide, a short chain of amino acids, in individuals who are deficient, typically those with Type 1 diabetes. C-peptide is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells, and its deficiency is a marker of absolute insulin deficiency. The goal of this replacement is to restore the potential beneficial effects of C-peptide on microvascular complications, particularly in the peripheral nerves and kidneys. This intervention moves beyond simple glucose control to address broader systemic health.