Brain stem cell metabolism describes the unique biochemical processes and energy utilization patterns employed by neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) residing within neurogenic niches of the adult brain. This metabolic state dictates their fate—whether they remain quiescent, proliferate, or differentiate into mature neurons and glial cells. The metabolic profile of these cells is highly dynamic and sensitive to systemic signals, including those from the endocrine system.
Origin
The term integrates the concepts of ‘brain stem cells,’ which are the self-renewing and multipotent cells of the central nervous system, with ‘metabolism,’ the sum of chemical reactions that occur within a cell. Its relevance to hormonal health is established through the observation that neurogenesis is significantly modulated by circulating hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and growth factors. This is a key area of research in regenerative medicine and longevity.
Mechanism
Neural stem cell metabolism is typically characterized by a preference for aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, when proliferating, which supports rapid biomass synthesis for division rather than maximum ATP efficiency. Conversely, quiescent stem cells often rely more on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for maintenance. Endocrine hormones act as potent metabolic regulators, shifting the balance between these pathways to promote either self-renewal or differentiation, thereby directly influencing the brain’s capacity for repair and plasticity.
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