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Brain Energy Substrates

Meaning

Brain energy substrates are the molecular compounds utilized by neural and glial cells to generate the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) necessary to power all cerebral functions, including neurotransmission, ion pumping, and cellular maintenance. Glucose is the primary and obligate substrate under normal physiological conditions, but the brain also possesses the metabolic flexibility to use alternative fuels. Maintaining a consistent supply of these substrates is paramount for optimal cognitive function and hormonal regulation.