Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression refers to the cellular process of synthesizing and releasing this critical protein, a neurotrophin, within the central nervous system. BDNF is a master regulator of neuroplasticity, vital for the survival, differentiation, and growth of new neurons and synapses. Optimal expression is directly correlated with enhanced cognitive function, mood stability, and resilience against neurological decline. It acts as a biological fertilizer for the brain.
Origin
The term originates from molecular neurobiology and endocrinology, where BDNF was identified as a key signaling molecule in the brain. The concept of “expression” highlights the genetic and transcriptional control over this protein’s availability. Its inclusion in hormonal health reflects the strong regulatory influence of various systemic hormones, including thyroid and sex hormones, on the BDNF gene transcription rate.
Mechanism
The expression of BDNF is regulated by various signaling pathways, often downstream of hormonal and metabolic signals. Estrogen and testosterone have been shown to upregulate BDNF gene transcription via their respective nuclear receptors in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Furthermore, physical activity and certain dietary factors can activate CREB signaling, a major transcription factor that directly promotes BDNF synthesis. This mechanism links lifestyle, endocrine status, and brain health at a molecular level.
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