What is the Meaning of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)?

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein belonging to the neurotrophin family, a class of growth factors that support the survival of existing neurons and encourage the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. It is a critical regulator of neuronal plasticity, serving as a key molecular link between physical activity, cognitive function, and mental health. BDNF is expressed widely in the central nervous system, with particularly high concentrations found in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Insufficient levels are often implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

What is the Origin of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)?

The term originated in neuroscience after the protein was first isolated from the pig brain in 1982 by Yves-Alain Barde and his colleagues. Its name is descriptive, reflecting its primary site of origin, the brain, and its function as a "neurotrophic factor," meaning it nourishes nerve cells. The recognition of its profound role in brain health and its responsiveness to lifestyle factors has propelled it into the forefront of wellness and longevity research.

What is the Mechanism of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)?

BDNF exerts its biological effects by binding to the high-affinity receptor TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) on the surface of responsive neurons. This binding initiates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K, and PLC-gamma pathways. These activated pathways collectively promote neuronal survival, enhance synaptic transmission, and stimulate neurogenesis, particularly in the hippocampal region. Physical exercise and certain dietary components are known to upregulate BDNF gene expression, thereby strengthening neural networks.

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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

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