Question 1

What is the Meaning of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

Biological fortification enhances food crop nutritional value through breeding, modification, or agronomic practices. This method increases essential vitamin and mineral concentration within edible plant parts, addressing dietary deficiencies by producing crops richer in vital micronutrients for human consumption.

Question 2

What is the Context of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

This strategy operates within public health nutrition and agricultural science, especially where populations depend on staple crops lacking micronutrients. Biological fortification supports human physiology by improving nutrient intake from routine dietary sources, aiding metabolic functions and preventing deficiency disorders. It offers a sustainable approach to combat hidden hunger.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

Clinically, biological fortification is vital for improving population health, particularly in vulnerable groups. Adequate intake of essential micronutrients from fortified crops supports immune function, cognitive development, and physical well-being. This approach reduces anemia, impaired growth, and compromised vision, enhancing quality of life.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism alters plant biochemical pathways to synthesize and accumulate higher nutrient concentrations. This occurs via conventional selective breeding, propagating varieties with superior nutrient profiles. Genetic engineering introduces or modifies genes for enhanced nutrient uptake or synthesis. Agronomic methods, like fertilizer applications, influence nutrient availability.

Question 5

What is the Application of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

Biological fortification is applied in developing and distributing nutrient-dense staple crops, like vitamin A-rich sweet potatoes, iron-fortified beans, and zinc-enhanced rice. These crops are grown and consumed by communities, providing a sustainable dietary source of essential micronutrients. Clinical application involves monitoring population nutritional status.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness is measured through analytical and clinical metrics. Initial assessment involves laboratory analysis of crop nutrient content and human bioavailability studies. Population-level impact is assessed by monitoring nutritional biomarkers, like serum ferritin or plasma retinol, and tracking clinical signs of deficiency.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Biological Fortification?

Accepted Answer

Potential considerations include unintended effects on crop yield or other plant characteristics, despite rigorous testing. Ensuring consumer acceptance and widespread adoption of new crop varieties presents a challenge. Over-reliance on a single fortified crop without dietary diversity could lead to nutrient imbalances, emphasizing a balanced dietary approach.

Biological Fortification

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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