The clinical objective of ensuring that the maximum possible fraction of an administered substance, such as a hormone or nutrient, reaches the systemic circulation and is available to exert its intended physiological effect. It addresses the quantitative absorption and systemic uptake efficiency. Attaining this is crucial for effective endocrine support.
Origin
Rooted in pharmaceutical science and pharmacokinetics, the term describes efforts to overcome barriers to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Maximization implies deliberate modification of delivery systems or substance forms to improve systemic entry.
Mechanism
This is achieved through various physiological adjustments, including formulation science like liposomal encapsulation or micronization to enhance intestinal permeability. Furthermore, managing gastrointestinal transit time and bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism are key functional strategies. Successfully upregulating transport mechanisms at the cellular level also contributes significantly to the overall bioavailability index.
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