What is the Origin of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Signaling?

This concept originated from metabolic biochemistry and endocrinology, initially recognizing BHB as a major alternative energy source for the brain and muscle during fasting or carbohydrate restriction. More recently, the discovery of its non-caloric, signaling roles has elevated its status from a simple metabolite to a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis. The 'Signaling' component highlights its role as a key communicator in the body's adaptive metabolic response.

What is the Mechanism of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Signaling?

The signaling pathway involves BHB's direct interaction with cellular machinery and surface receptors. As an HDAC inhibitor, BHB promotes the acetylation of histones, leading to changes in the transcription of genes related to oxidative stress resistance and metabolism. Furthermore, its binding to GPR109A receptors mediates anti-lipolytic effects, while its interaction with other receptors can modulate inflammation and neurotransmission, thereby integrating metabolic state with endocrine and immune function.

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Signaling

Meaning

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) Signaling refers to the pleiotropic biological actions of the ketone body D-beta-hydroxybutyrate that extend beyond its role as a fuel substrate. BHB acts as a potent signaling molecule, capable of modulating gene expression, inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), and activating specific G-protein coupled receptors. This endocrine-like function is a key mechanism by which the ketogenic state exerts its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and longevity-promoting effects across various tissues. It represents a metabolic signal of energy sufficiency and cellular resilience.