Question 1

What is the Meaning of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) represents a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland, common in aging men. This glandular expansion results from increased stromal and epithelial cells. "Benign" confirms it is not cancerous or metastatic.

Question 2

What is the Context of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

The prostate gland, beneath the bladder and encircling the urethra, produces seminal fluid. BPH development links to age-related hormonal shifts, particularly testosterone's conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Elevated DHT stimulates prostatic cell proliferation; estrogen also influences tissue changes.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

BPH significantly impacts quality of life for aging men through lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), disrupting sleep and daily activities. Diagnosis is essential for effective management, involving clinical assessment and symptom scoring. Addressing BPH aims to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications like urinary retention or kidney damage.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

The biological processes underlying BPH involve an imbalance between cellular growth and programmed cell death within the prostate. DHT stimulates prostatic cellular proliferation. Chronic inflammation and stromal-epithelial interactions contribute to glandular enlargement, involving various growth factors and sex steroid receptor pathways.

Question 5

What is the Application of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

Clinically, BPH presents with symptoms including increased urinary frequency, urgency, a weakened stream, nocturia, and incomplete bladder emptying. Management varies: watchful waiting, lifestyle modifications, or pharmacological interventions (alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors). Severe cases may require surgical procedures like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Question 6

What is the Metric of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

BPH impact and progression are assessed via clinical metrics. Symptom severity is quantified using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Objective measurements include uroflowmetry, evaluating urine flow rate, and post-void residual volume. Digital rectal examination (DRE) estimates prostate size. PSA levels are also monitored.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

Untreated BPH risks include acute urinary retention, recurrent UTIs, bladder stones, and kidney damage. Pharmacological treatments carry risks: alpha-blockers may cause orthostatic hypotension or retrograde ejaculation; 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, sexual dysfunction. Surgical interventions also risk bleeding, infection, and erectile dysfunction.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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