BDNF Neurogenesis refers to the biological process of generating new neurons in the brain, specifically promoted or modulated by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). BDNF is a key protein in the central nervous system that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. This phenomenon is vital for cognitive functions, memory consolidation, and emotional well-being. Maintaining robust BDNF-mediated neurogenesis is a core tenet of neurological and hormonal longevity.
Origin
The term originates from the combination of the specific neurotrophin BDNF, first characterized for its potent neuronal support functions, and ‘neurogenesis,’ the scientific term for the birth of new neurons. Research in the late 20th and early 21st centuries solidified BDNF’s role as a primary regulator of brain plasticity and repair. The concept bridges molecular biology, neuroscience, and endocrinology, particularly due to the influence of hormones like estrogen and testosterone on BDNF expression.
Mechanism
BDNF operates by binding to its high-affinity receptor, TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B), initiating a complex intracellular signaling cascade. This cascade activates pathways that promote cell survival, synaptic plasticity, and the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into mature neurons, primarily in the hippocampus. Hormones such as thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids directly or indirectly influence BDNF gene expression, linking the endocrine system to this critical neurological function.
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