BDNF stands for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, a protein belonging to the neurotrophin family that is fundamentally essential for neuronal health and plasticity. This potent growth factor supports the survival of existing neurons, encourages the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses, and is a critical regulator of cognitive function and mood. Maintaining adequate BDNF levels is strongly correlated with enhanced neurogenesis and resilience against neurodegenerative decline.
Origin
The protein was initially discovered in the brain, hence the term Brain-Derived, and its function as a Neurotrophic Factor—a substance that promotes the survival and function of nerve cells—was subsequently characterized. Research has since confirmed its presence and activity throughout the body, linking it directly to the adaptive capacity of the nervous system.
Mechanism
BDNF exerts its primary function by binding to the TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) receptor on neuronal surfaces, initiating a complex intracellular signaling cascade. This cascade promotes synaptic strength, facilitates long-term potentiation, and supports mitochondrial function within neurons, all of which are vital for learning and memory. Lifestyle factors such as physical exercise and dietary interventions are recognized modulators that can increase its systemic production.
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