Question 1

What is the Meaning of Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression describes the clinical and physiological process where the accumulation of lipid, cholesterol, and cellular debris within the arterial wall—known as an atherosclerotic plaque—is reduced in size or stabilized. This reduction signifies a reversal of the underlying pathology of atherosclerosis, moving the vasculature toward a healthier state of endothelial function. Achieving regression is a key therapeutic goal in cardiovascular endocrinology, aiming to lower the risk of ischemic events like heart attack and stroke. It represents a tangible improvement in arterial health and a profound shift in cardiovascular risk profile.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression?

Accepted Answer

The term combines "atherosclerosis," from Greek athera (gruel or paste) and skleros (hard), describing the hardening of arteries with soft deposits, and "regression," from Latin regressus (a return), indicating a movement back toward a previous, less diseased state. This concept emerged from clinical cardiology and preventative medicine, evolving alongside the understanding of lipid metabolism and inflammation, which are heavily influenced by hormonal signaling. The systemic origin lies within the complex interplay of the circulatory system and endocrine regulation of lipid homeostasis and vascular integrity.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression?

Accepted Answer

Regression is fundamentally driven by a shift in the balance of cholesterol flux within the arterial wall, primarily through enhanced reverse cholesterol transport mediated by High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). This process involves the removal of excess cholesterol from plaque macrophages, which are then cleared from the vessel wall, thereby shrinking the lesion's lipid core. Endocrine factors, particularly sex hormones and thyroid hormones, influence the expression of key receptors and enzymes that regulate lipid uptake and efflux, impacting the stability and size of the plaque. Furthermore, mitigating chronic low-grade inflammation, a process closely linked to cortisol and other stress hormones, is crucial for stabilizing the fibrous cap and preventing rupture.

Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

Can Early-Stage Atherosclerosis Be Fully Reversed through Comprehensive Lifestyle Changes?

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