Atherogenic Dyslipidemia is a specific pattern of lipid abnormalities in the blood characterized by elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and an increase in small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles (sdLDL). This constellation of markers represents a significant risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. The presence of this dyslipidemia is often metabolically linked to insulin resistance and underlying hormonal imbalances. Clinically, this pattern requires focused metabolic management.
Origin
The term combines ‘atherogenic,’ meaning promoting atherosclerosis or plaque formation in arteries, and ‘dyslipidemia,’ which is derived from Greek words for ‘bad’ or ‘difficult’ and ‘fat/lipid’ in the blood. This lipid profile gained prominence as a distinct and highly pro-inflammatory cardiovascular risk marker beyond just total cholesterol levels. It is a critical concept in cardiometabolic risk stratification.
Mechanism
This dyslipidemic state is physiologically driven by hepatic overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often stimulated by hyperinsulinemia secondary to insulin resistance. The reduction in HDL-C is a consequence of increased catabolism and altered exchange of lipids between lipoproteins. This metabolic environment promotes endothelial dysfunction and lipid deposition within the arterial walls, which is a critical step in the atherogenesis process.
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