What is the Origin of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA)?

The term and its significance emerged from biochemical research focusing on nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and its critical role in vascular biology, particularly following the discovery of NO's function as a signaling molecule. ADMA is a derivative of the amino acid L-arginine, which is the substrate for NOS, and its discovery highlighted a key endogenous regulatory pathway for NO production. The molecule's structure defines its inhibitory action.

What is the Mechanism of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA)?

ADMA exerts its primary function by competing with L-arginine for binding to the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme. By competitively inhibiting eNOS, ADMA effectively reduces the production of nitric oxide, a crucial vasodilator. This reduction in NO bioavailability promotes vasoconstriction and contributes to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, a precursor to atherosclerosis and hypertension. ADMA itself is formed through the methylation of arginine residues in proteins and is subsequently broken down by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA)

Meaning

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, or ADMA, is an endogenous, naturally occurring amino acid derivative found in the plasma and tissues that functions as a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Elevated plasma concentrations of ADMA are clinically recognized as a significant biomarker of endothelial dysfunction and a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. This compound’s presence offers a measurable insight into the body’s vascular health and its capacity for vasodilation. Monitoring ADMA provides a window into the delicate balance of endothelial function.