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Astrocytes

Meaning

Astrocytes are the most numerous type of glial cells within the central nervous system, characterized by their star-like shape and critical function in supporting neuronal health and brain homeostasis. These non-neuronal cells actively participate in the neuroendocrine control of whole-body metabolism, moving far beyond their historical designation as mere structural support. They are essential for regulating the blood-brain barrier and coordinating the uptake and utilization of key nutrients like glucose and fatty acids within the brain. Astrocytes also exhibit sexual dimorphism, which may partially account for observed gender-specific differences in metabolic responses to dietary changes.