What is the Origin of Articular Cartilage?

The term combines articular, derived from the Latin articularis, meaning "of the joints," and cartilage, from the Latin cartilago, referring to the gristle or connective tissue. This anatomical structure is a foundational element of the musculoskeletal system, evolving to facilitate complex locomotion and support body weight.

What is the Mechanism of Articular Cartilage?

The mechanical function relies on the viscoelastic properties of its extracellular matrix, which allows it to absorb and distribute compressive forces across the joint. Chondrocytes, the sole cellular component, are responsible for synthesizing and maintaining this matrix. Hormones influence this mechanism by modulating chondrocyte activity and matrix turnover; for example, estrogen receptors on chondrocytes suggest a direct link between declining hormone levels and increased susceptibility to cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis.

Articular Cartilage

Meaning

Articular cartilage is the specialized, smooth connective tissue covering the ends of bones within synovial joints, such as the knee, hip, and shoulder. Its primary function is to provide a low-friction, load-bearing surface, enabling fluid and painless movement across the joint space. This avascular and aneural tissue is composed mainly of chondrocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and proteoglycans. Hormonal balance, particularly the status of sex steroids, significantly influences the maintenance and repair capacity of this critical joint structure.