What is the Origin of Aromatase Gene CYP19A1?

The name is derived from Cytochrome P450, a super family of monooxygenases, and the specific location and function: 19th carbon hydroxylation (CYP19) and the specific isoform A1. The term "aromatase" describes the enzyme's function of converting the C19 steroids (androgens) into C18 steroids (estrogens) by aromatizing the A-ring of the steroid molecule. This conversion is a fundamental process in steroidogenesis.

What is the Mechanism of Aromatase Gene CYP19A1?

The CYP19A1 gene directs the synthesis of the aromatase enzyme, which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of androgens, specifically testosterone and androstenedione, into the estrogens estradiol and estrone, respectively. This conversion occurs primarily in the ovaries, testes, adipose tissue, brain, and placenta. The enzyme's action involves three sequential hydroxylation steps followed by the removal of a carbon atom, ultimately creating the characteristic aromatic A-ring of estrogens. Modulating this enzyme's activity is a core strategy in managing estrogen-dependent conditions.

Aromatase Gene CYP19A1 ∞ Area

Aromatase Gene CYP19A1

Meaning

The Aromatase Gene CYP19A1 is the single gene in humans responsible for encoding the aromatase enzyme, also known as estrogen synthase. This enzyme is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and is absolutely critical for the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. Genetic variations within CYP19A1 can significantly influence individual estrogen levels and the balance of sex hormones. Understanding the activity of this gene is vital in both hormonal replacement therapy and oncology.