This term refers to the biological strategy of safeguarding neuronal structures and function within the central nervous system by actively mitigating chronic inflammation. It is a critical physiological process that maintains brain health by preventing the damaging effects of prolonged microglial activation and cytokine release. Effective antiinflammatory neuroprotection is vital for preserving cognitive integrity and hormonal regulatory centers like the hypothalamus.
Origin
The concept emerged from the intersection of neuroscience, immunology, and endocrinology, specifically as research illuminated the profound detrimental role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative and mood disorders. The recognition of the brain’s distinct immune environment and the neuroendocrine-immune axis provided the clinical context for this protective paradigm.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves leveraging endogenous or exogenous compounds, including certain hormones or therapeutic agents, to modulate the activity of immune cells within the brain, such as microglia. This modulation shifts the inflammatory profile from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory states, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting excitotoxicity. This process promotes neuronal survival, supports synaptic plasticity, and ensures the optimal function of hormone-producing and hormone-sensitive brain regions.
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