The clinical management and regulation of signaling proteins, specifically cytokines, that function to suppress systemic or localized inflammatory responses within the body. Achieving this control is crucial for mitigating chronic, low-grade inflammation, often termed ‘inflammaging,’ which contributes to numerous age-related diseases. This process is integral to maintaining homeostatic balance in the neuroendocrine-immune system.
Origin
This concept is rooted in immunology and endocrinology, recognizing the bi-directional communication between the immune system and hormonal axes. The term ‘cytokine’ derives from Greek words for ‘cell’ and ‘movement,’ describing their role as cellular messengers that coordinate the body’s defensive and restorative immune responses. Clinical control became a goal with the understanding of chronic inflammation’s systemic impact.
Mechanism
Control is exerted through various pathways, including the optimization of cortisol secretion, which possesses potent immunosuppressive properties, or by utilizing compounds that directly inhibit pro-inflammatory transcription factors like NF-κB. The goal is to enhance the production and activity of beneficial anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-10, thereby restoring immunological equilibrium and reducing tissue damage.
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