The specialized field of study focused on understanding the molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms within the nervous system that contribute to neurological aging and, crucially, identifying interventions to slow or reverse age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. It integrates principles from endocrinology, genetics, and cellular biology to promote brain health across the lifespan. The ultimate goal is to extend the period of healthy, high-functioning neurological life.
Origin
The discipline emerges from the convergence of traditional neurobiology, which studies the nervous system, and gerontology, the study of aging. The “anti-aging” prefix denotes a clinical and research focus on proactive intervention and optimization rather than mere observation of pathology. This approach gained prominence with the recognition of the brain’s endocrine dependence.
Mechanism
Core mechanisms involve modulating key longevity pathways, such as mTOR and sirtuins, to maintain cellular homeostasis and enhance neuronal repair. Hormonal signaling, including the actions of estrogens, androgens, and growth hormone, is a central regulatory component influencing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Furthermore, controlling neuroinflammation and optimizing mitochondrial function are critical targets for sustaining neuronal vitality.
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