These refer to the specific, conserved molecular cascades within human physiology that govern the processes of cellular senescence, DNA damage accumulation, and metabolic decline associated with chronological aging. Understanding these pathways allows for targeted interventions aimed at slowing the rate of biological deterioration. Clinically, these pathways represent the fundamental targets for geroprotective therapies seeking to extend healthspan.
Origin
The nomenclature stems from foundational research in molecular gerontology, particularly studies elucidating the hallmarks of aging at the cellular and genomic levels. Early work focused on oxidative stress and telomere attrition, later expanding to include nutrient sensing pathways like mTOR and sirtuins. The concept is rooted in the observation that aging is not merely passive wear-and-tear but an active, genetically regulated process.
Mechanism
Regulation involves influencing pathways such as DNA repair mechanisms, epigenetic drift mitigation, and the clearance of senescent cells via senolytics. Specifically, modulating the AMPK/mTOR axis directly impacts cellular growth and autophagy, key regulators of longevity. Effective anti-aging intervention seeks to restore youthful signaling fidelity within these critical biochemical routes.
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