Question 1

What is the Meaning of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme primarily responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and also degrades bradykinin, a vasodilator.

Question 2

What is the Context of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

ACE is a key component of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), a hormonal system crucial for regulating blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis. It is found on the surface of endothelial cells, particularly abundant in the lungs.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

Its role in the RAAS makes ACE a significant target for pharmacological intervention in conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. Modulating ACE activity directly impacts cardiovascular and renal health, influencing patient outcomes and symptom management.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

ACE functions as a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, cleaving two amino acids from the C-terminus of angiotensin I to form angiotensin II. Concurrently, it inactivates bradykinin by cleaving it into inactive peptides. This dual action elevates blood pressure through vasoconstriction and fluid retention while removing a substance that would otherwise lower blood pressure.

Question 5

What is the Application of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

Clinically, ACE inhibitors are a widely prescribed class of medications. These drugs block the action of ACE, reducing angiotensin II formation and preventing bradykinin degradation, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. They are foundational in managing chronic cardiovascular diseases.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

ACE activity can be measured in serum, often used in the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis, where elevated levels may indicate disease activity. In clinical practice, the effectiveness of ACE inhibitor therapy is primarily assessed by monitoring blood pressure, renal function markers, and electrolyte levels, rather than direct ACE enzyme levels.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic inhibition of ACE can lead to side effects such as persistent dry cough, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury, particularly in individuals with pre-existing renal impairment or bilateral renal artery stenosis. Angioedema, a serious and potentially life-threatening swelling, is a rare but significant adverse reaction requiring immediate medical attention.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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