Question 1

What is the Meaning of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, or ACE, is a metalloprotease enzyme that converts inactive angiotensin I into potent angiotensin II. This enzymatic conversion is a critical step within the physiological system regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Its primary function involves modifying peptide hormones to influence vascular tone and systemic fluid dynamics.

Question 2

What is the Context of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

This enzyme operates primarily within the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), a crucial hormonal cascade governing systemic blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis, and fluid volume. ACE is abundantly expressed on endothelial cells, particularly those lining pulmonary capillaries, but also in kidneys, heart, and brain. Its presence highlights its broad physiological influence.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme holds substantial clinical importance due to its central role in cardiovascular regulation. Dysregulation of ACE activity contributes to conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease. Pharmacological modulation of this enzyme, through ACE inhibitors, represents a fundamental strategy in managing these prevalent chronic conditions, impacting patient outcomes.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

ACE catalyzes the cleavage of two C-terminal amino acids from angiotensin I, generating angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates aldosterone release. Simultaneously, ACE degrades bradykinin, a vasodilator, further contributing to its pressor effects. This dual action amplifies its impact on systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.

Question 5

What is the Application of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Clinical application of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme understanding is most evident in the widespread use of ACE inhibitor medications. These drugs effectively block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, reduced fluid retention, and decreased cardiac workload. Patients with hypertension, heart failure, or diabetic nephropathy frequently receive these agents for long-term management.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme activity is measured, primarily as a diagnostic marker in specific clinical scenarios. Elevated serum ACE levels are notably associated with granulomatous diseases like sarcoidosis, indicating disease activity or therapy response. For cardiovascular health, the clinical metric is often indirect, focusing on blood pressure and renal function tests.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

While beneficial, modulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme activity carries potential clinical risks, particularly with pharmacological inhibition. Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include a persistent dry cough from bradykinin accumulation, and angioedema. These medications can also induce hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury, especially in susceptible individuals, necessitating careful patient monitoring.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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