Angiogenesis is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, a fundamental mechanism in development and wound healing. In a clinical context, its dysregulation is critical, underpinning both necessary repair processes and pathological conditions like tumor growth. We observe this process involving the meticulous sprouting and remodeling of capillaries to supply tissue with oxygen and nutrients. Maintaining appropriate angiogenic balance is essential for systemic homeostasis.
Origin
The term derives from Greek roots, combining ‘angeion’ meaning vessel and ‘genesis’ meaning creation or origin. This etymology directly describes the core biological action: the formation or generation of new vascular structures. Its study emerged prominently within physiology to explain phenomena beyond simple vessel widening or narrowing.
Mechanism
The process is tightly regulated by a balance of pro-angiogenic factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and inhibitory signals. Endothelial cells lining existing vessels respond to local hypoxia or growth factor gradients by proliferating and migrating. These cells then form new lumen structures, effectively branching off to establish new perfusion routes throughout the tissue matrix. This dynamic remodeling is crucial for endocrine gland function and tissue repair following injury.
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