The collection of clinical signs and subjective experiences associated with the age-related decline in androgen production, primarily testosterone, in men. This condition, often referred to as Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH), is characterized by a gradual onset of non-specific symptoms. Understanding the full scope of this symptom complex is crucial for accurate endocrinological diagnosis and targeted intervention.
Origin
The term combines ‘andro-‘ (Greek for male), ‘-pause’ (cessation), and ‘symptomology’ (the study or collection of symptoms). It emerged as a clinical parallel to menopause, describing the hormonal and physiological changes experienced by aging males. The concept is rooted in modern endocrinology, specifically the study of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis changes over the lifespan.
Mechanism
Symptoms manifest due to reduced bioavailable testosterone interacting with androgen receptors in target tissues across multiple systems, including the central nervous system, muscle, bone, and adipose tissue. This hormonal shift disrupts homeostatic processes, leading to changes in body composition, diminished libido, decreased bone mineral density, and neurocognitive alterations. The progressive nature of Leydig cell function decline is the primary physiological driver of this systemic change.
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