Androgen levels quantify the concentration of a class of steroid hormones, such as testosterone and DHEA, circulating within the plasma or localized in tissues. These hormones are synthesized primarily in the adrenal glands and gonads, playing a fundamental role in both male and female physiology. Precise measurement is clinically essential for diagnosing conditions related to sexual development, reproductive function, and metabolic health. Fluctuations in these levels are tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.
Origin
The term “androgen” derives from the Greek words andrós (man) and gennan (to produce), reflecting their primary role in the development of male characteristics. The scientific study of these hormones dates back to the early 20th century with the isolation and synthesis of testosterone. The concept of measuring “levels” is foundational to modern endocrinology and diagnostic clinical practice.
Mechanism
Androgens exert their biological effects by binding to intracellular androgen receptors, which then act as transcription factors to modulate gene expression across various cell types. These hormones are critical for maintaining muscle mass, bone density, and erythropoiesis, alongside their well-known impact on libido and mood. Clinically, monitoring these levels is key to assessing the functional status of the HPG axis and guiding hormone replacement therapy.
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