What is the Origin of Androgen Excess Signaling?

This clinical concept is directly linked to the function of steroid hormones and their receptors, primarily originating from the adrenal glands and gonads. The signaling component highlights the molecular mechanism where androgens bind to intracellular receptors, subsequently altering gene transcription in responsive tissues. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are classic examples where this excess signaling drives pathology.

What is the Mechanism of Androgen Excess Signaling?

The mechanism involves circulating androgens entering target cells and binding to the androgen receptor (AR) within the cytoplasm or nucleus. This ligand-receptor complex then translocates to the nucleus, binding to specific DNA sequences known as androgen response elements (AREs). This binding modulates the transcription of target genes, leading to increased protein synthesis that drives androgenic effects, such as sebaceous gland proliferation and hair follicle terminalization.

Androgen Excess Signaling ∞ Area

Androgen Excess Signaling

Meaning

Androgen excess signaling describes the cascade of cellular and systemic effects resulting from abnormally high levels of androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or increased target tissue sensitivity to these hormones. This hormonal imbalance often leads to clinical manifestations in women, including hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularity. In men, excess signaling may present differently, impacting prostate health and hair loss patterns.