What is the Origin of Androgen Effects on Neurogenesis?

This concept resides at the intersection of endocrinology, the study of hormones, and neuroscience, the study of the nervous system. The term 'androgen' is derived from Greek roots meaning "man-making," reflecting its primary role, while 'neurogenesis' literally means "nerve creation." Clinical interest in this area has surged with the recognition of hormones as key regulators of brain longevity.

What is the Mechanism of Androgen Effects on Neurogenesis?

Androgens primarily act by binding to intracellular androgen receptors present in neural precursor cells and mature neurons, initiating specific genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways. Furthermore, testosterone can be locally converted into estradiol via the aromatase enzyme, allowing it to exert additional neurotrophic effects through estrogen receptors. These cascades collectively regulate the proliferation rate, differentiation trajectory, and survival of newly generated neurons, profoundly impacting hippocampal-dependent functions like spatial memory.

Androgen Effects on Neurogenesis ∞ Area

Androgen Effects on Neurogenesis

Meaning

The direct and indirect influence exerted by androgen hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, upon the complex biological process of neurogenesis. This is the formation of new functional neurons from precursor cells, primarily occurring in the adult hippocampal subgranular zone. This hormonal effect is vital for maintaining cognitive integrity, mood regulation, and the brain’s overall structural plasticity throughout the lifespan.