This is the process where androgens, primarily testosterone and its derivatives, regulate the creation and differentiation of new neurons and glial cells within the adult central nervous system. It represents a critical biological mechanism linking hormonal status directly to neural plasticity, affecting cognitive function and mood. Clinical practice often observes that maintaining optimal androgen levels supports brain structure and function, particularly in regions like the hippocampus. This hormonal influence is vital for sustained neurological health and resilience against neurodegenerative processes.
Origin
The term is a compound of endocrinology and neuroscience concepts: ‘Androgen’ refers to the class of steroid hormones, while ‘Neurogenesis’ is derived from the Greek ‘neuron’ (nerve) and ‘genesis’ (creation). Its conceptual origin lies in the discovery of adult neurogenesis and the subsequent identification of steroid hormone receptors in brain regions previously thought to be static. Research established the crucial role of gonadal steroids in modulating neuronal cell fate and survival.
Mechanism
Androgens exert their neurogenic effects by binding to intracellular androgen receptors, triggering gene transcription that promotes neuronal precursor cell proliferation and survival. They can also be locally converted to estrogens via the aromatase enzyme, allowing for secondary neurotrophic effects through estrogen receptors. This intricate hormonal signaling pathway supports synaptic integrity and contributes significantly to the brain’s capacity for repair and adaptation throughout the lifespan.
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