What is the Origin of Androgen Availability?

The term is foundational to clinical endocrinology, stemming from the Greek word 'andros,' meaning man, and 'genes,' meaning to produce, referring to hormones that promote male characteristics, though they are vital in all sexes. The concept of 'availability' arose with the discovery of plasma protein binding, which dictates the fraction of hormone accessible to cells. This distinction is crucial for accurately diagnosing conditions related to androgen excess or deficiency, such as hypogonadism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

What is the Mechanism of Androgen Availability?

The liver synthesizes SHBG, the principal protein regulating androgen availability in the bloodstream. When SHBG binds to androgens, these hormones become inactive for cellular signaling. Only the small percentage of circulating androgens that remain unbound, known as free androgens, can diffuse across cell membranes and engage their specific nuclear receptors. Therefore, the dynamic balance between total androgen production and the concentration of SHBG directly determines the degree of androgenic effect on tissues like muscle, bone, and the central nervous system.

Androgen Availability

Meaning

Androgen availability refers to the concentration of biologically active androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), that are unbound to carrier proteins and thus free to interact with target tissues. This free fraction is the physiologically potent component capable of binding to intracellular androgen receptors to elicit a biological response. Assessing total androgen levels alone can be misleading, as the availability is critically regulated by proteins like Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG).

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Androgen Availability

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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