Anabolic resistance induction refers to a physiological state where the body’s tissues, particularly skeletal muscle, exhibit a blunted or reduced sensitivity to anabolic stimuli, such as amino acids or hormones like insulin and testosterone. This condition impairs the normal signaling pathways required for protein synthesis and tissue repair, making it difficult to build or maintain lean mass. It is a common feature of aging (sarcopenia), chronic disease, and periods of severe catabolic stress. Overcoming this resistance is a primary clinical goal for improving physical resilience and longevity.
Origin
The term combines “anabolic,” referring to the constructive phase of metabolism, and “resistance,” indicating a diminished response to a stimulus. This concept arose in exercise physiology and clinical nutrition research to describe the impaired muscle protein synthesis response observed in elderly or diseased populations, even when sufficient protein intake is provided. “Induction” refers to the process by which this state is brought about, often through chronic inflammation or disuse.
Mechanism
The induction of anabolic resistance involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, often converging on the mTORC1 signaling pathway, which is central to initiating muscle protein synthesis. Impaired insulin signaling, chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered amino acid transporter function can all contribute to this blunted response. Specifically, reduced phosphorylation of key downstream targets like S6K1 prevents the efficient translation of mRNA into new proteins, thereby shifting the metabolic balance toward catabolism.
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