Anabolic hormones are a class of chemical messengers within the endocrine system that promote anabolism, the constructive phase of metabolism. These hormones facilitate the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, notably stimulating protein synthesis and promoting tissue growth, such as muscle and bone mass. Key examples include testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin, which are vital for repair, regeneration, and maintaining structural integrity throughout the lifespan.
Origin
The term “anabolic” stems from the Greek word anabole, meaning “a building up” or “a raising up.” This etymology directly reflects the primary biological action of these hormones, which is to construct and synthesize tissues. The clinical context emphasizes their role in growth, development, and recovery from catabolic states, underscoring their importance in hormonal health.
Mechanism
These hormones typically exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells, which initiates intracellular signaling pathways leading to altered gene expression. For instance, testosterone binds to androgen receptors, directly promoting the transcription of genes responsible for protein synthesis in muscle fibers. This molecular mechanism results in a positive nitrogen balance and subsequent accretion of lean body mass, facilitating tissue repair and strength.
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