The progressive reduction in the strength or efficacy of endocrine signals reaching their target cells as an organism advances in age. This phenomenon directly impacts tissue responsiveness to circulating hormones, even when baseline levels appear adequate. It represents a decline in the fidelity of intercellular communication essential for maintaining homeostasis. This attenuation is a hallmark of functional aging within the endocrine system.
Origin
Originates from biophysics and physiology, describing the dampening of input signals over distance or time within a complex system. In endocrinology, it specifically addresses the decline in sensitivity or quantity of receptor binding as tissues age. The root concept focuses on signal degradation rather than complete signal loss.
Mechanism
This attenuation frequently involves downregulation or desensitization of specific hormone receptors on target cell membranes, such as those for insulin or sex steroids. Furthermore, post-receptor signaling cascades may become less efficient due to altered intracellular protein expression or modification. Decreased ligand-receptor affinity contributes to a higher threshold required for a functional cellular response.
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