The gradual decline in physiological function, often linked to endocrine system changes, observed with chronological aging. This involves shifts in hormonal milieu that impact cellular efficiency and overall organismal performance metrics. Clinically, this manifests as reduced anabolic capacity and altered homeostatic regulation over time.
Origin
This concept arises from longitudinal studies in gerontology and endocrinology, tracking the inevitable trajectory of biological aging processes. It synthesizes observations regarding the decline in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes activity. Understanding this origin helps contextualize age-related clinical presentations.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves altered receptor sensitivity and reduced pulsatile secretion of key trophic hormones, such as growth hormone and sex steroids. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased systemic inflammation, or inflammaging, further exacerbate this functional decline at the tissue level. This cascade ultimately lowers the physiological reserve necessary for peak function.
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