Age-Related Neural Attrition describes the progressive, non-pathological loss of structural and functional integrity within the central nervous system that occurs naturally over the human lifespan. This process encompasses a gradual reduction in neuronal density, synaptic connections, and white matter volume, contributing to measurable, albeit typically subtle, declines in certain cognitive functions. From an endocrinological perspective, the decline in neurosteroids is considered a major contributing factor to this structural regression.
Origin
The term combines elements from neuroanatomy, aging research, and clinical neuroscience to characterize the morphological changes observed in the aging brain. “Attrition,” derived from the Latin attritio meaning ‘a rubbing against,’ signifies a wearing away or gradual reduction of tissue. It is a fundamental concept in longevity medicine, providing a baseline for understanding pathological neurodegeneration.
Mechanism
The mechanism of neural attrition involves several interconnected cellular processes, including increased oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and reduced efficiency of cellular waste removal via the glymphatic system. Decreased trophic support from growth factors and hormones, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and estrogens, impairs the brain’s ability to repair and maintain synaptic connections. Chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, often referred to as inflammaging, also plays a critical role in accelerating the loss of viable neurons and glial cells.
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