These markers represent quantifiable physiological indicators that suggest an increased vulnerability to stressors, often preceding or accompanying advanced age. They are objective measures reflecting diminished physiological reserve across multiple systems, including neuromuscular and metabolic domains. Identification of these markers allows for proactive clinical assessment before overt functional collapse occurs. We look for deviations from established healthy aging norms in laboratory and functional tests.
Origin
The concept stems from geriatric assessment protocols, where ‘frailty’ describes a geriatric syndrome of decreased physiological reserve and increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. ‘Markers’ indicates specific, measurable endpoints used for quantification. This terminology emphasizes a shift from subjective observation to evidence-based clinical staging.
Mechanism
Frailty markers often correlate with chronic low-grade inflammation, sometimes termed inflammaging, which impairs cellular repair mechanisms. Deficiencies in anabolic hormones like IGF-1 or testosterone can contribute to muscle quality loss, a key marker. Furthermore, altered mitochondrial respiration efficiency leads to reduced ATP production necessary for cellular maintenance and repair processes. Poor nutrient partitioning further signals a systemic inability to maintain homeostasis.
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