Age-mediated decline refers to the measurable, progressive deterioration in physiological function and homeostatic reserve that occurs naturally over time in an organism. This decline affects nearly all biological systems, including the endocrine, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. It is characterized by reduced cellular repair efficiency and an increased susceptibility to age-related pathologies. Clinically, it represents the reduction in optimal function, not simply the presence of disease.
Origin
This concept stems from the field of gerontology and the fundamental understanding of human senescence, linking chronological age to observable functional changes. The terminology emphasizes that aging itself is the primary mediator or driving factor behind these systemic losses. Its clinical application is relatively modern, focusing on proactive intervention against functional loss rather than passive observation.
Mechanism
The decline is driven by an accumulation of cellular damage, including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic alterations. Over time, these molecular changes lead to reduced hormone production, impaired receptor sensitivity, and chronic sterile inflammation, known as inflammaging. These underlying mechanisms collectively compromise the body’s ability to maintain equilibrium and respond effectively to stress.
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