The endogenous somatotropin produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in mature individuals, essential for cellular repair and metabolic regulation. Clinically, this term often refers to the measurement of circulating levels or the exogenous administration of recombinant human Growth Hormone (rhGH) for specific deficiencies or off-label applications. Maintaining appropriate physiological concentrations is critical for lean body mass, bone mineral density, and overall metabolic homeostasis in adults.
Origin
Derived from Greek ‘auxesis’ (growth) and ‘hormon’ (to set in motion), this peptide hormone originates from the somatotroph cells within the hypophysis. Its identification arose from endocrinology’s early efforts to understand the regulation of somatic development and tissue maintenance post-puberty. The ‘Adult’ designation distinguishes its role from the robust secretion patterns seen during childhood development.
Mechanism
Growth Hormone exerts its effects primarily through the induction of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) synthesis in the liver, which then mediates most anabolic actions. It influences carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism directly, promoting lipolysis and reducing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. The signaling pathway typically involves receptor binding followed by the activation of the JAK/STAT cascade, regulating gene expression related to tissue turnover.
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