This term signifies the inherent capacity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to buffer the physiological perturbations induced by chronic stress exposure while maintaining glucocorticoid homeostasis. A robust resilience reflects an efficient and rapid return to baseline endocrine function following an acute stressor. This metric is fundamental to assessing long-term adaptive endocrinology.
Origin
The concept originates from psychoneuroendocrinology, combining ‘adrenal,’ referring to the glands producing critical stress hormones like cortisol, with ‘resilience,’ the established biological concept of returning to equilibrium after perturbation. It represents an evolution from simple stress measurement to measuring systemic adaptability.
Mechanism
Resilience operates via the integrity of the negative feedback loop where cortisol binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary, dampening further ACTH and cortisol release. Optimal receptor density and signaling fidelity ensure that the system does not become refractory or hyper-responsive to repeated challenges. This dynamic modulation prevents chronic allostatic overload at the cellular level.
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