The precisely timed, rhythmic secretion of adrenal hormones, primarily cortisol and DHEA, following a predictable diurnal (24-hour) pattern. This pacing ensures that the body’s energy and stress response systems are optimally aligned with the sleep-wake cycle and environmental demands. Clinical practice often assesses this pacing through salivary or serum hormone testing across the day to identify patterns of misalignment.
Origin
The concept stems from chronobiology and endocrinology, specifically the study of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis function. The adrenal gland’s output is centrally governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the body’s master clock. The rhythmic output is an evolutionary adaptation to cyclical environmental stressors.
Mechanism
The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to release corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which ultimately drives ACTH release from the pituitary and subsequent cortisol production from the adrenal cortex. This cascade establishes the characteristic morning peak and evening nadir in cortisol secretion. Maintaining proper output pacing is essential for metabolic health, immune function, and overall hormonal balance.
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