Adrenal Function encompasses the integrated physiological processes carried out by the adrenal glands, primarily the synthesis, secretion, and regulation of vital steroid hormones and catecholamines. This system is central to the body’s stress response, fluid balance, and metabolic regulation. Assessing this function provides insight into hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis integrity and overall physiological resilience.
Origin
The term derives from the Latin ‘ad’ (near) and ‘renes’ (kidneys), describing the anatomical location of these triangular endocrine glands situated atop the kidneys. The concept of its function relates to classical endocrinology’s understanding of stress hormone regulation.
Mechanism
The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids like cortisol, mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, and adrenal androgens, all under ACTH control from the pituitary. Simultaneously, the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine to mediate acute sympathetic responses. Proper feedback loops, especially cortisol’s negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, maintain systemic homeostasis.
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