The pathological or excessive storage of energy, primarily in the form of triglycerides, within adipose tissue throughout the body. This is a clinical term for an increase in body fat mass, often linked to a dysregulation in energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. The degree and distribution of this accumulation, particularly visceral adiposity, are critical factors in assessing cardiometabolic risk and overall hormonal health.
Origin
The term is a compound of the Latin root adeps, meaning ‘fat’ or ‘lard’, and accumulatio, meaning ‘a heap’ or ‘a piling up’. In a physiological context, it originates from the study of human metabolism and the endocrine function of adipose tissue. It is fundamental to the clinical diagnosis and management of obesity and related endocrine disorders.
Mechanism
The process involves a sustained positive energy balance, where caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Hormonal signals, such as insulin, leptin, and cortisol, significantly regulate this process by influencing lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis. Chronic inflammation within the adipose tissue further drives metabolic dysfunction, creating a feedback loop that promotes continued accumulation and systemic insulin resistance.
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